Exodus 16:19

Summary

Moses addresses the people after the instructions about gathering manna, giving a prohibition: no one is to leave any of it over until the following morning. The verse reports direct speech introduced by a narrative verb form.

Key words

• va-yomer ("and he said", H0559) — qal narrative form (vayyiqtol), the standard way Biblical Hebrew advances a story by reporting a spoken act; it links this command to the preceding narrative sequence.
• ish ("everyone", H0376I) — singular noun used distributively, meaning "each person" rather than one specific individual; it sets up the scope of the following prohibition as applying to every person individually.
• al-yoter ("may not leave over", H0408 + H3498) — negation al combined with a hiphil jussive of the verb "to leave over/remain." The hiphil is causative ("cause to remain/leave behind"), and the jussive mood expresses a command/prohibition rather than a simple future statement.
• mimmennu ("any of it", H4480A + suffix) — preposition "from" with a third-person masculine singular suffix ("it/him"), referring back to the manna mentioned earlier in the chapter (not present in this verse's word list but implied by context).
• ad-boqer ("until morning", H5704 + H1242) — preposition "until" plus the noun "morning," marking the temporal boundary of the prohibition.

What the text says

The verse is built as a short narrative frame (va-yomer mosheh alehem, "and Moses said to them") followed by the reported speech itself, which is compact: ish al-yoter mimmennu ad-boqer. The subject ish stands first in the command, giving a distributive sense — the instruction applies to each person separately, not to the group as a collective unit. The prohibition itself uses the negative particle al with a jussive verb form, which in Biblical Hebrew is the typical construction for direct commands or prohibitions in reported speech, as opposed to the negation lo used for general statal negations. The hiphil stem of yoter indicates a causative nuance — "to cause something to remain" — so the prohibition is against causing any of the substance to be left over, not merely against something remaining passively. The object of the prohibition, mimmennu ("from it"), uses a partitive construction ("any part of it") rather than naming the item outright in this verse, relying on the preceding context for the referent.

Differences between versions

The LXX renders ish ("everyone") as Mēdeis ("no one"), converting the distributive positive noun into a negative pronoun, restructuring the prohibition syntactically while preserving the same overall sense. The Vulgate's Nullus ("no one") follows the same restructuring as the LXX. The Hebrew's causative hiphil nuance ("cause to leave over") is rendered in Greek and Latin with simple verbs of leaving/remaining (katalipetō, relinquat), which do not carry the same causative stem distinction present in Hebrew grammar.