Deuteronomy 32:19

Summary

The verse reports two actions by Yehovah: he saw, and he spurned. The cause of this reaction is given as the ka'as ("vexation/provocation", H3708) caused by his sons and daughters. The Hebrew presents this as a tight narrative sequence with a causal clause attached.

Key words

• va-yin'atz ("and he spurned", H5006) — qal narrative verb; the core action of the verse, denoting disdain, rejection or spurning rather than simple anger.
• mi-ka'as ("from/because of the provocation", H3708 + H9006) — the preposition min here functions causally: "because of the vexation," not merely spatially "from."
• banav ("his sons", H1121) — masculine plural construct noun with 3ms pronominal suffix, marking possession ("his sons") and standing in construct relation to ka'as.
• u-venotav ("and his daughters", H1323) — feminine plural construct noun with 3ms suffix, joined to the previous noun by the conjunction va (H9002), extending the causal phrase.
• va-yar ("and he saw", H7200) — qal narrative verb opening the verse; establishes Yehovah as the observing subject before the reaction described by yin'atz.

What the text says

The Hebrew sentence chains two narrative verbs with the vav-consecutive construction (va-yar... va-yin'atz): "and he saw... and he spurned." Both verbs share the same subject, Yehovah (H3068), stated once after the first verb. The second clause, introduced by the preposition min (H9006), is not spatial but causal: "from the vexation of his sons and his daughters" means "because of the vexation caused by his sons and daughters." The construct chain ka'as banav u-venotav links the noun "vexation" to "sons" and "daughters" as the source of that vexation — the children are the ones causing the ka'as, not the ones vexed.

Differences between versions

The verb yin'atz (H5006) is rendered variously across the versions provided: the BSB has "rejected," the RV1909 "encendióse en ira" (became inflamed with anger), the SBLIBRE "abominó" (abominated), and the Vulgate "ad iracundiam concitatus est" (was stirred to wrath). These renderings diverge in emphasis — some track the sense of spurning/disdain, others shift toward anger.

The LXX text given expands the two Hebrew verbs into three actions: "ἴδεν" (saw), "ἐζήλωσεν" (was jealous/zealous), and "παρωξύνθη" (was provoked), where the Hebrew has only "saw" and "spurned." The Vulgate also restructures the causal clause, making the sons and daughters the grammatical subject ("quia provocaverunt eum filii sui et filiae" — "because his sons and daughters provoked him"), whereas the Hebrew keeps Yehovah as the subject of both verbs and expresses the children's role through a construct noun phrase rather than a separate clause with them as subject.