Leviticus 7:12

Summary

The verse specifies the offerings that accompany a thanksgiving sacrifice (todah). If someone presents this type of sacrifice, they must bring three kinds of bread: perforated cakes of unleavened bread mixed with oil, unleavened wafers coated with oil, and cakes of fine flour mixed with oil.

Key words

• todah ("thanksgiving", H8426) — feminine singular noun, appears three times, naming the sacrifice type that requires this specific bread offering.
• yakrivenu ("he will present it", H7126H) — hiphil imperfect with pronominal suffix "it"; the hiphil stem indicates a causative action (causing the offering to be brought near/presented), referring to the person who "presents" the sacrifice.
• hikriv ("he will present", H7126H) — same root as above but in sequential perfect form; this verb form continues the narrative sequence, indicating what happens after the first action (presenting the todah leads to presenting the accompanying breads).
• belulot ("mixed", H1101A) — qal passive participle, feminine plural, describing the cakes (challot) as having been mixed with oil, indicating a completed state rather than an ongoing action.
• murbeket ("mixed", H7246) — hophal passive participle, feminine singular, applied specifically to the fine flour (solet); the hophal stem marks this as a causative-passive form, distinct from the simpler qal passive used for the other breads.

What the text says

The verse opens with the conditional particle 'im ("if", H0518A) governing the clause "if he presents it upon/for thanksgiving." The verb yakrivenu uses the hiphil stem, which in this context expresses the causative sense of "bringing near" or "presenting" an offering — a technical sense typical of sacrificial language. The narrative vav then introduces hikriv, a sequential perfect of the same root, which structurally marks the continuation of the action: after presenting the thanksgiving sacrifice, the offerer then presents the accompanying breads.

The three bread types are each described using construct chains (X of Y) followed by passive participles describing their preparation. Challot matzot ("perforated breads of unleavened bread", H2471 + H4682) and reqiqei matzot ("thin breads of unleavened bread", H7550 + H4682) both use the qal passive participle belulot / meshuchim ("mixed" / "smeared") to describe how oil is applied — one by mixing into the dough, the other by anointing the surface. The third type, solet murbeket ("fine flour mixed", H5560 + H7246), uses a hophal passive participle instead of qal, marking a distinct verbal stem for its preparation process, though the gloss for both is rendered "mixed" in this data.

Differences between versions

The LXX text provided for this reference (Leviticus 7:12) reads "καὶ ἐλάλησεν Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων" ("And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying") — this does not correspond to the Hebrew content of this verse, which concerns thanksgiving-offering bread preparations, not divine speech to Moses. The Vulgate and other versions (BSB, RV1909, SBLIBRE) align with the Hebrew content, though the Vulgate's coctamque similam ("cooked fine flour") differs in nuance from the Hebrew murbeket ("mixed"), introducing a cooking process not explicitly stated by the Hebrew participle.