Leviticus 23:19
וַעֲשִׂיתֶם שְׂעִיר־עִזִּים אֶחָד לְחַטָּאת וּשְׁנֵי כְבָשִׂים בְּנֵי שָׁנָה לְזֶבַח שְׁלָמִֽים׃
✦ Hebrew interlinear
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✦ The same verse in five languages
וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם שְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּ֑את וּשְׁנֵ֧י כְבָשִׂ֛ים בְּנֵ֥י שָׁנָ֖ה לְזֶ֥בַח שְׁלָמִֽים׃
καὶ ποιήσουσιν χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας καὶ δύο ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους εἰς θυσίαν σωτηρίου μετὰ τῶν ἄρτων τοῦ πρωτογενήματος·
Greek text from Swete's edition, CC BY-SA 4.0
Latin (Vulgate)
Facietis et hircum pro peccato, duosque agnos anniculos hostias pacificorum.
También sacrificarán un macho cabrío como ofrenda por el pecado, y dos corderos de un año como sacrificio de paz.
Classic Spanish (Reina-Valera 1909)
Ofreceréis además un macho de cabrío por expiación; y dos corderos de un año en sacrificio de paces.
You shall also prepare one male goat as a sin offering and two male lambs a year old as a peace offering.
✦ What the text says
Summary
The verse instructs that a male goat be offered as a sin offering and two year-old male lambs as a peace offering. It continues a sequence of prescribed offerings, marked by the sequential form of the verb at the start.
Key words
- 'a.si.Tem ("you will offer", H6213I) — qal sequential perfect, 2nd person masculine plural; continues a preceding chain of instructions, addressed collectively to the people.
- se.'ir-'i.Zim ("a male goat of goats", H8163B/H5795) — construct chain specifying the animal type; se'ir is construct, requiring 'izzim ("goats") to complete the phrase.
- cha.Tat ("a sin offering", H2403H) — feminine singular noun, governed by the preposition le ("to", H9005), indicating the purpose of the goat offering.
- be.Nei sha.Nah ("sons of a year", H1121L/H8141) — construct phrase meaning animals in their first year; be.Nei is construct plural of "sons," here used idiomatically for age.
- she.la.Mim ("peace offerings", H8002) — masculine plural noun in construct relation with Ze.vach ("sacrifice of", H2077), naming the category of sacrifice for the two lambs.
What the text says
The verse opens with the sequential perfect 'a.si.Tem ("you will offer"), a verb form that in Biblical Hebrew narrative or legal sequences continues a previous action rather than starting a new independent statement. This ties the verse to the preceding instructions in the chapter as part of a continuous ritual sequence rather than an isolated command.
The offerings are specified through construct chains, a common Hebrew mechanism for compact identification. se.'ir-'i.Zim ("a male goat of goats") identifies the animal precisely as a goat (rather than sheep or cattle), and the numeral 'e.Chad ("one", H0259) — grammatically feminine agreeing with the implicit noun — sets the quantity. This goat is designated le.cha.Tat ("for/to a sin offering"), the preposition le marking purpose or category rather than direct object.
The second animal group, she.Nei khe.va.Sim be.Nei sha.Nah ("two lambs, sons of a year"), uses the idiom "sons of a year" to indicate lambs in their first year of life. These are designated le.Zevach she.la.Mim ("for a sacrifice of peace offerings"), again using le for purpose, with Zevach in construct governing shelamim.
Differences between versions
The LXX renders she.la.Mim ("peace offerings") as σωτηρίου ("of salvation/deliverance"), a term with different semantic range than the Hebrew "peace/well-being" offerings. The LXX also adds the phrase "μετὰ τῶν ἄρτων τοῦ πρωτογενήματος" ("with the loaves of the firstfruits"), which has no corresponding wording in the provided Hebrew text of this verse. The Vulgate's hostias pacificorum ("sacrifices of peace offerings") aligns closely with the Hebrew construct sense of zevach shelamim.
This explanation describes the text using linguistic data; it adds no doctrine or confessional interpretation.